A SURVEY OF LANDUSE CHANGES USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES

A SURVEY OF LANDUSE CHANGES USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES

Background to the Study

This research examines the nature of landuse changes in the northern area of Kaduna metropolis from 1965 to 2003 using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The urban environment's impacts are often pushed into surrounding rural regions, resulting in changes in landuse types, intensity, and landscape quality as a result of population inflow to towns and cities (Adeniyi and Omojola, 1999). That is how the Kaduna city, which has been a previous political regional headquarters for almost half a century, flourished. According to field observations, its growth has had a significant influence on the adjacent rural regions. There were few records, both in maps and written papers, to demonstrate the nature of the changes that had occurred. As a result, reconstructing landuse changes becomes challenging due to the likelihood of huge inaccuracies and guesses (Arvind, Pandy & Nathawat, 2006). However, understanding the dynamics of landuses in the urban periphery is critical for successful planning, management, and utility provision. Today's earth-mapping technology provides excellent chances for examining historical landuse changes. As a result, this study uses Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques to explore landuse changes in the northern section of Kaduna city.

As a result, in this study, an attempt will be made to map out the status of land use land cover in Kaduna metropolis between 1972 and 2001 with the goal of detecting the land consumption rate and the changes that have occurred in this status, particularly in built-up land, in order to predict possible changes in this status in the next 14 years using both Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing data.

Statement of the Problem

Since its start in 1967, Kaduna metropolis, like many other Nigerian state capitals, has seen significant expansion, growth, and developmental activities such as building, road construction, deforestation, and many other anthropogenic activities. As a result, increased land consumption has occurred, as well as modifications and alterations in the status of her land use land cover over time, without any detailed and comprehensive attempt (as provided by Remote Sensing data and GIS) to evaluate this status as it changes over time with the goal of detecting the land consumption rate and also making an attempt to predict the same and possible changes that may occur in this status so that planners can have a basic tool for plowing. As a result, a research like this is required if the Kaduna metropolitan is to avoid the challenges that come with a developing and increasing city like many others throughout the world.

Justification for the Study

Indeed, attempt has been made to document the growth of Kaduna metropolis in the past but that from an aerial photography (Olorunfemi, 1983). In recent times, the dynamics of Land

use Land cover and particularly settlement expansion in the area requires a more powerful and sophisticated system such as GIS and Remote Sensing data which provides a general extensive synoptic coverage of large areas than area photography

Aim and Objectives

The aim of this study is to produce a land use land cover map of Kaduna metropolis at different epochs in order to detect the changes that have taken place particularly in the built-up land and subsequently predict likely changes that might take place in the same over a given period.

The following specific objectives will be pursued in order to achieve the aim above.

1. To create a land use land cover classification scheme
2. To determine the trend, nature, rate, location and magnitude of land use land cover change.
3. To forecast the future pattern of land use land cover in the area.
4. To generate data on land consumption rate and land absorption coefficient since more emphasis is placed on built-up land.
5. To evaluate the socio – economic implications of predicted change.

Definition of Terms

Remote sensing: Can be defined as any process whereby information is gathered about an object, area or phenomenon without being in contact with it. Given this rather general definition, the term has come to be associated more specifically with the gauging of interactions between earth surface materials and electromagnetic energy. (Idrisi 32 guide to GIS and Image processing, volume 1).

Geographic Information system: A computer assisted system for the acquisition, storage, analysis and display of geographic data (Idrisi 32 guide to GIS and Image processing, volume 1).

Land use: This is the manner in which human beings employ the land and its resources.

Land cover: Implies the physical or natural state of the Earth’s surface.

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